英超bra_bskyb英超
1.英超，西甲，意甲，德甲转播费用的情况如何？
2.英超为什么会卖这么贵
3.英文英超介绍
英超，西甲，意甲，德甲转播费用的情况如何？
（BSkyB）将在2010年到2013年间继续享有英超六套节目中其中四套的转播权。据《泰晤士报》报道，英超转播当仁不让的龙头老大天空电视台率先发难，并且出手阔绰，以一纸超过13亿英镑的大单保住了英超主转播商的名号。
在2007年至2010年的转播权竞标中，英超20支球队总计创造了约合17亿英镑的巨额合同。《泰晤士报》称，2010至2013年创造的价值跟3年前相比只多不少。前天，各大转播商的竞价单纷纷送呈英超联盟，其中天空电视台出价最高，一举拿下英超6个转播套餐中的4个。据英格兰媒体透露，合同金额接近他们在为2007年~2010年英超转播权付出的13.14亿英镑。剩下两个转播套餐将采取拍卖方式，由天空电视台、爱尔兰Setanta体育电视台以及ESPN之间竞标。此外，BBC公司还斥资1.73亿英镑获得了英超集锦的转播权。
在目前的英超转播合同中，天空电视台就已经获得了全部138场比赛中的92场的转播权。此次又率先发难，再次成为英超主转播商。但根据欧盟反垄断法，天空电视台即便参加剩余两个转播套餐的竞价，最多也只能获得一个，也就是说Setanta和ESPN肯定能够分到一杯羹。《泰晤士报》透露，Setanta将不惜血本地保住手中现有的两个转播套餐，而3年前他们为此的投入就已经高达3.92亿英镑。
在英超直播权的竞标中，只有2004年度出现了下滑，由此前的11亿英镑缩至10.24亿英镑，其余年份均一路看涨。因此，英超联盟对于新一轮转播权收入创出历史新高很乐观。
在刚结束的冬季转会窗口中，英超20支球队疯狂烧钱1.6亿英镑。纵然其中有曼城背后阿联酋石油资本的助阵，但对大多数球队来讲，在金融海啸背景下能如此堂而皇之地消费，就是因为这些俱乐部相信他们能得到数额可观的比赛转播分成，这也从侧面证明了英超无可匹敌的盈利能力和发展前景。
《泰晤士报》称，此次转播权竞标是在高度机密的情况下进行的，没有人知道自己在和谁竞标，也没有人知道到底有多少个竞争者。天空电视台在“摸黑”的情况下仍能豪掷13亿英镑，完全是对英超盈利能力的信任。
北京时间2月5日，英超20支俱乐部的老板们齐聚伦敦，听取英超联盟的财政报告。算上天空体育台的13.14亿英镑，以及BBC购买集锦的1.73亿英镑，英超已经在2010至2013年段的转播收入上进账约15亿英镑。如果另外两个转播套餐顺利拍卖，这一数字的总额将很有可能突破20亿英镑。面对如此火爆的转播市场，难怪英超球队能够在转会市场上大把烧钱。
意 甲
每年5亿英镑
意大利一直采取各家俱乐部分别签订电视转播合同的做法，因此诸如AC米兰或者国际米兰这样的豪门，往往可以获得10倍于其他俱乐部的丰厚收入。目前，米兰俱乐部每赛季的电视转播收入是5500万英镑。据估计，意甲每年的电视转播收入总额将达到5亿英镑左右。
西 甲
皇马7个赛季11亿欧元
西甲豪门皇家马德里俱乐部从2006年开始到2013年共7个赛季的广播电视转播权出售给加泰罗尼亚的Mediapro集团，售价高达11亿欧元，创下该俱乐部的最高纪录。皇马官方网站称，这个合同是俱乐部“一个新的里程碑”，根据这个合同，皇马每年的收益超过1.5亿欧元，此前俱乐部从西班牙最大付费电视运营商Sogecable集团那里获得的转播收入只有5500万～6000万欧元。
巴萨主席拉波尔塔公布的2007年～2008年赛季财政报告显示，巴塞罗那的总收入高达3.008亿欧元，税后盈利为1010万欧元，其中增加最多部分是收费电视收入，其次是赞助收入。
承包西甲联赛海外转播权的Mediapro集团与西班牙国内收费电视承包商视听体育集团（Sogecable的子公司）是西班牙最大的两家电视转播商，Mediapro拥有包括塞维利亚、瓦伦西亚、比利亚雷亚尔在内的8家西甲俱乐部的电视转播权，而视听体育集团则拥有包括皇马巴萨双雄在内的其他球队的转播权，双方在2006年～2007年赛季的比赛转播上达成协议，Mediapro获得每轮在免费频道西班牙电视六台直播一场比赛的权利，其他比赛在视听体育的收费电视频道直播，而所有比赛的国际转播权归Mediapro集团，Mediapro需支付给视听体育集团1.5亿欧元。
德 甲
4年16.5亿欧元
从2009年～2010年赛季开始的4年内，德国甲乙级联赛俱乐部将总共得到16.5亿欧元的电视转播费用，平均每年超过4.12亿欧元，比现行的电视转播合同提高了700万欧元。电视转播权由付费电视台Premiere、德国电视一台、电视二台和德国体育电视台共同分享。这也是第一次将4年的转播权一次性出售，同时还增加了网络转播权限，出售给了Premiere，如果收益良好，那么网络转播费用将从合同中规定的1800万欧元上涨到3700万欧元。
与英超和西甲相比，德甲在电视转播权上的收入一直落后，英超最差球队的比赛电视转播权出售价格也超过了2006年～2007年赛季德甲冠军斯图加特。
法 甲
每年6.68亿欧元
2008年～2012年赛季法甲转播合同谈判的结果是LFP每个赛季可以得到6.68亿欧元的转播收入，4年合计26.72亿欧元。法国付费电视台CANAL+曾以每赛季6亿欧元的价格买下了2005年～2008年赛季法甲电视转播权（法甲也成为了当时世界上转播费用最昂贵的联赛，后被拿到新转播合同的英超超越）。
英超为什么会卖这么贵
因为英超的商业发展过分发达，这是其他联赛所不能相比的。
这和BSkyB的转播是有非常大的关系的，1990年，天空电视台与英国卫星广播BSB合并为BSkyB。
BSkyB在足球转播中引进摄影机稳定器，抑制场边跑动跟拍时的画面抖动。在直播屏幕一角放上计时器和比分，也是BSkyB的首创，简单，但极其有效，如今已不可或缺。
英国球迷以往习惯周六下午3点看球，但为了转播商的利益，英超比赛开球时间尽量错开，主要有周六中午和下午、周日中午和下午，周一晚等5个时段。BSkyB将一些重头戏挪到周日，着力打造超级星期天。全时段的海量报道，颠覆了BBC和ITV以往的模式，也改变了球迷的看球习惯。
最初足球解说并不会在技战术方面涉及太深，但BSkyB打破了行规，在天空从业20年的安迪-格雷，几乎定义了足球评论员这个角色，在解说员主要负责呈现场上情景的同时，作为搭档的他则提供专业而个性化的技战术分析，还有趣味性的背景和业内段子。
英文英超介绍
Name:Barclays Premier League
Teams(now):
Chelsea
Man Utd
Liv'pool
Tot'ham
Arsenal
Blackb'n
West Ham
Bolton
N'castle
Wigan Athletic
Everton
Charlton
Man City
M'brough
Fulham
Aston Villa
Portsm'h
Birm'ham
West Brom
Sun'land
The Barclays Premiership is widely regarded as the elite club competition in world football and is the flagship of the game's governing body in England - the Football Association
THE HISTORY OF THE F.A. PREMIER LEAGUE
The FA Premier League was formed on 20 February 1992 and took over as the top professional league from season 1992-93. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions.
A number of events during the mid and late eighties had sent clear signals that fundamental changes were needed to the structure of professional football.
On 11 May 1985 56 fans lost their lives when fire broke out at Bradford City's ground. Later that season, on 29 May, the European Cup final between Liverpool and Juventus saw the Heysel disaster. Violence broke out between rival supporters, which led to the deaths of 39 fans and resulted in a five-year blanket ban on English clubs in European football. Disaster also struck in April 1989 when 96 football fans were killed and over 150 seriously injured at Sheffield Wednesday's ground, Hillsborough, as they became crushed on an overcrowded terrace at the FA Cup semi final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest.
The English game was at possibly its lowest ebb. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters were faced with poor facilities, hooliganism was rife and English football was exiled from European competition. The old First Division became a selling League as many top players were lured by the financial attractions of the Continent.
Following Hillsborough, Lord Justice Taylor recommended a huge programme of investment in order to make football grounds safe and comfortable environments for supporters and to help eliminate crowd disorder problems of the past. One of the key elements of the Report was the introduction of an all-seater policy at designated football grounds.
Football’s image had been severely tarnished and the English game was suffering from an acute lack of investment. By 1992 Clubs were facing huge costs, as the scale of meeting the recommendations of the Taylor report became apparent. In addition many top Clubs voiced growing concerns over their inability to compete for the top players in the transfer market and bridge the gap with European clubs who had advanced considerably during the English Clubs' enforced exile from European competition.
A radical restructuring of the game was required if English football was to prosper.
A proposal for the establishment of the League was tabled that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17th July 1991 by the game’s top-flight clubs established the basic principles for setting up the F.A. Premier League.
The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from the Football Association and the Football League, giving the F.A. Premier League license to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements.
In 1992 the First Division Clubs resigned from the Football league en masse and on the 27th May 1992 the F.A. Premier League was formed as a limited company, which worked out of an office at the then Football Association’s headquarters, Lancaster Gate.
From the outset of the F.A. Premier League there was a commitment to reduce the league from twenty-two clubs to twenty, reflecting the collective will to the development of excellence in the game at club and international level. This change was made at the end of the 1994-95 season.
The first matches kicked off on Saturday 15th August 1992 and when Brian Deane scored the first ever F.A. Premier League goal few could have imagined that the competition would come so far in such a short period time. One of the major factors in this rapid development was the F.A. Premier League’s relationship with television.
Television has played a major role in the history of the F.A. Premier League. The money from TV deals has been vital in helping to create excellence both on and off the field. The initial decision to go with Sky was, again, a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was a relatively untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However a combination of Sky’s marketing strategy, the quality of the F.A. Premier League football and the public’s appetite for the game has seen the value of the F.A. Premier League’s broadcast rights soar and delivered huge benefits to the game.
The first Sky television agreement was worth ?191 million over five seasons. The next contract, negotiated to start from the 1997/98 season, rose to ?670 million over four seasons. The Premier League’s current ?1.024 billion deal with BSkyB runs over the course of three seasons from August 2004.
The money generated from the broadcast and sponsorship deals has helped transform the F.A. Premier League into the best domestic league competition in the world. Club's stadia and facilities in the 1980’s were often said to be more akin to those of the 1880’s. Fans watched as their Clubs invested over ?1 billion transforming their grounds, making their stadia the envy of Europe.
Attracted by rising standards the likes of Jurgen Klinnsmann, Gianfranco Zola and Gianluca Vialli were soon appearing at top-flight grounds.
The F.A. Premier League continues to attract the world’s finest players. There are now over 250 foreign players in the Barclays Premiership. An indication of their quality is the fact that 101 stars from England’s domestic leagues competed in the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan.
In addition to attracting top overseas stars foreign coaches also started plying their trade in the F.A. Premier League. The likes of Ruud Gullit, Arsene Wenger and Gerrard Houllier introduced coaching techniques and practices that have served to benefit all aspects of the game.
The cosmopolitan makeup of the F.A. Premier League, as well as the exciting style of play, has contributed to the league’s growing international popularity. Overseas television coverage has also grown to such a level that matches are now seen in over 195 countries to a home reach of 450 million people worldwide.
The F.A. Premier League’s top teams were now competing in Europe with notable successes for Manchester United (Champions League 1999), Arsenal (Cup Winners' Cup 1994), Chelsea (Cup Winners' Cup 1998) and Liverpool (UEFA Cup 2001). In the 2004/05 season the Premier League had a total of six Clubs involved in European competition – Arsenal, Chelsea, Manchester United, Liverpool, Newcastle and Middlesbrough.
The will to pursue excellence at all levels can be seen through the creation of the F.A. Premier League Academy structure. Developed in tandem with the Football Association’s ‘Charter for Quality’ it was launched in 1998. This investment in skills and facilities will help create the Premiership and international footballers of the future. Already some of the graduates of the academy system are performing star roles in the Barclays Premiership, such as Joe Cole and Damien Duff, and it is hoped that the establishment of the Barclays Premiership Reserve League will help assist the development of Academy players to the first-team.
The F.A. Premier League’s ?20 million investment in the Football Foundation in partnership with , Sport England and the Football Association will help ensure that the grassroots of the game receive the necessary funding where it is required most. Through the Foundation a new generation of modern football facilities in parks, local leagues and schools is being put in place, as well as providing capital and revenue support.
The last 11 years has seen great improvements in the relationship between Clubs and their supporters. Acting upon the recommendations of the Football Task Force the Premier League has overseen the introduction of Club Customer Charters to ensure fans get a fair deal from their Club. The F.A. Premier League also commissions an annual fan survey and oversees Club supporter panels in order that supporter’s views are aired at every level.
The history of the F.A. Premier League is one of setting standards for others to follow both on and off the field. Together with the Clubs new ideas are constantly being discussed and implemented to help maintain the F.A. Premier League as the leading domestic league competition. The 2001/02 season saw the introduction of ‘professional’ referees. Under the stewardship of Keith Hackett the Select Group are committed to increasing standards of consistency, decision making and fitness for the good of the game and the competition.
The F.A. Premier League, in partnership with the Clubs, is formulating a comprehensive corporate social responsibility programme. Using the motivational, educational and community based attributes intrinsic to football to work with society’s young and disadvantaged. Our work with the Prince’s Trust, Football Aid, Kick it Out and departments helps thousands of people every year.
Twelve years after its formation, the F.A. Premier League has confirmed its position as the world’s best domestic league competition. Over 10,000 goals have been scored and almost 150 million people have passed through the turnstiles, with average attendances rising to an all-time high of 34,445 in 2002-3, some 68% up from the inaugural season.
Undoubtedly the most successful team in the history of the F.A. Premier League has been Manchester United with eight titles out of the 12 – a magnificent achievement and testament to the managerial skills of Sir Alex Ferguson. However there have been many great teams, players and moments: Blackburn Rovers return to the big time with Jack Walker’s millions, Kenny Dalglish’s guidance and Alan Shearer’s goals; Newcastle United, dubbed ‘the entertainers’ under Kevin Keegan; two stylish doubles for Arsenal under Arsene Wenger; Liverpool’s re-emergence and a five-cup haul under the passionate and determined Gerrard Houllier. What is certain is that during the course of a Premier League season many stories unfold. Each year the competition has produced twists and turns at both ends of the table. Indeed, the race for the title in 1995-96 was so close, Wembley Stadium had been booked on Thursday 16th May and tickets printed for a one-off title decider between Manchester United and Newcastle United.
The 2001/02 season saw the F.A. Premier League end its nine-year association with Carling to start a new partnership with Barclaycard.
The first season of the Barclaycard Premiership saw possibly the most interesting and exciting title race in the history of the F.A. Premier League. Arsenal – unbeaten away all season, unbeaten home and away since Christmas and scoring in every game – were crowned Champions with only one game to go after being pushed all the way by Liverpool, Manchester United and Newcastle.
The second season of the Barclaycard Premiership matched the first for excitement and tension in the title race. Manchester United launched a superb run which saw them end the season with an 18-match unbeaten streak of 15 wins and three draws, collecting 48 points from a possible 54 to overhaul reigning champions Arsenal in the closing stages of the campaign. Newcastle and Chelsea were also in contention and secured deserved Champions League places. Former champions Blackburn ended the season with a flourish to secure a UEFA Cup place alongside Liverpool and defeated FA Cup finalists Southampton.
And the third season saw history made, with champions Arsenal going through the entire 38-game campaign unbeaten, as part of their 49-match record-breaking undefeated league run.
The 2004/05 season saw Barclays take over as the title sponsor and the emergence of a new force in the top division, with Chelsea becoming the fourth club to lift the title with a record haul of 95 points from their 38 games - 12 points clear of second-placed Arsenal.
The following year saw Wigan Athletic become the 39th member of the Premier League as they gained promotion alongside Sunderland and West Ham United.
REFEREES IN THE PREMIER LEAGUE
With the advent of professional referees in 2001, the Professional Game Match Officials Limited (PGMOL) was formed to provide match officials for all professional football matches played in England.
The Board is made up of the chief executives of the Football Association, the FA Premier League and the Football League.
The General Manager (Keith Hackett), National Group Manager (Jim Ashworth) and FA Referee Manager (Joe Guest) work to maintain and improve standards of refereeing in England and report to the Board on a monthly basis.
The General Manager is responsible for the training, development and monitoring of an elite group of 19 Referees and 38 Assistant Referees who will work together come match day.
Hackett also decides which referees will officiate at Barclays Premiership matches, selected Football League matches and consults with the Football Association over FA Cup/UEFA appointments.
The top-flight referees are continually monitored at games and attend fortnightly meetings in which, amongst other matters, their performances, via the use of ProZone, are evaluated.
The PGMOL has employed Matt Weston on a full time basis as its Sports Scientist to work with the match officials in designing intensive training sessions to help maintain and build performance levels.
The PGMOL is sponsored by Emirates Airline whose investment will result in significant investment in the training and development of officials at all levels of the game.